8.8
HIGH CVSS 3.1
CVE-2024-28121
Reflex arbitrary method call in stimulus_reflex
Description

stimulus_reflex is a system to extend the capabilities of both Rails and Stimulus by intercepting user interactions and passing them to Rails over real-time websockets. In affected versions more methods than expected can be called on reflex instances. Being able to call some of them has security implications. To invoke a reflex a websocket message of the following shape is sent: `\"target\":\"[class_name]#[method_name]\",\"args\":[]`. The server will proceed to instantiate `reflex` using the provided `class_name` as long as it extends `StimulusReflex::Reflex`. It then attempts to call `method_name` on the instance with the provided arguments. This is problematic as `reflex.method method_name` can be more methods that those explicitly specified by the developer in their reflex class. A good example is the instance_variable_set method. This vulnerability has been patched in versions 3.4.2 and 3.5.0.rc4. Users unable to upgrade should: see the backing GHSA advisory for mitigation advice.

INFO

Published Date :

March 12, 2024, 8:15 p.m.

Last Modified :

Dec. 3, 2025, 5:13 p.m.

Remotely Exploit :

Yes !
Affected Products

The following products are affected by CVE-2024-28121 vulnerability. Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the products that are affected, the information is not represented in the table below.

ID Vendor Product Action
1 Stimulusreflex stimulusrelfex
CVSS Scores
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is a standardized framework for assessing the severity of vulnerabilities in software and systems. We collect and displays CVSS scores from various sources for each CVE.
Score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Score Impact Score Source
CVSS 3.1 HIGH [email protected]
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration

While CVE identifies specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2024-28121 is associated with the following CWEs:

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC) stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2024-28121 weaknesses.

We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).

Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2024-28121 vulnerability anywhere in the article.

The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2024-28121 vulnerability over time.

Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.

  • Initial Analysis by [email protected]

    Dec. 03, 2025

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions up to (excluding) 3.4.2 *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre10:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre2:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre3:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre4:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre5:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre6:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre7:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre8:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:pre9:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* *cpe:2.3:a:stimulusreflex:stimulusrelfex:3.5.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    Added Reference Type CVE: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/16 Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/16 Types: Exploit, Third Party Advisory
    Added Reference Type CVE: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/blob/0211cad7d60fe96838587f159d657e44cee51b9b/app/channels/stimulus_reflex/channel.rb#L83 Types: Technical Description
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/blob/0211cad7d60fe96838587f159d657e44cee51b9b/app/channels/stimulus_reflex/channel.rb#L83 Types: Technical Description
    Added Reference Type CVE: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/commit/538582d240439aab76066c72335ea92096cd0c7f Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/commit/538582d240439aab76066c72335ea92096cd0c7f Types: Patch
    Added Reference Type CVE: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.4.2 Types: Product, Release Notes
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.4.2 Types: Product, Release Notes
    Added Reference Type CVE: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.5.0.rc4 Types: Product, Release Notes
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.5.0.rc4 Types: Product, Release Notes
    Added Reference Type CVE: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/security/advisories/GHSA-f78j-4w3g-4q65 Types: Exploit, Vendor Advisory
    Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/security/advisories/GHSA-f78j-4w3g-4q65 Types: Exploit, Vendor Advisory
  • CVE Modified by af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108

    Nov. 21, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/16
    Added Reference https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/blob/0211cad7d60fe96838587f159d657e44cee51b9b/app/channels/stimulus_reflex/channel.rb#L83
    Added Reference https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/commit/538582d240439aab76066c72335ea92096cd0c7f
    Added Reference https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.4.2
    Added Reference https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.5.0.rc4
    Added Reference https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/security/advisories/GHSA-f78j-4w3g-4q65
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    May. 14, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
  • CVE Modified by [email protected]

    Mar. 13, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Reference GitHub, Inc. http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/16 [No types assigned]
  • CVE Received by [email protected]

    Mar. 12, 2024

    Action Type Old Value New Value
    Added Description stimulus_reflex is a system to extend the capabilities of both Rails and Stimulus by intercepting user interactions and passing them to Rails over real-time websockets. In affected versions more methods than expected can be called on reflex instances. Being able to call some of them has security implications. To invoke a reflex a websocket message of the following shape is sent: `\"target\":\"[class_name]#[method_name]\",\"args\":[]`. The server will proceed to instantiate `reflex` using the provided `class_name` as long as it extends `StimulusReflex::Reflex`. It then attempts to call `method_name` on the instance with the provided arguments. This is problematic as `reflex.method method_name` can be more methods that those explicitly specified by the developer in their reflex class. A good example is the instance_variable_set method. This vulnerability has been patched in versions 3.4.2 and 3.5.0.rc4. Users unable to upgrade should: see the backing GHSA advisory for mitigation advice.
    Added Reference GitHub, Inc. https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/security/advisories/GHSA-f78j-4w3g-4q65 [No types assigned]
    Added Reference GitHub, Inc. https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/commit/538582d240439aab76066c72335ea92096cd0c7f [No types assigned]
    Added Reference GitHub, Inc. https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/blob/0211cad7d60fe96838587f159d657e44cee51b9b/app/channels/stimulus_reflex/channel.rb#L83 [No types assigned]
    Added Reference GitHub, Inc. https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.4.2 [No types assigned]
    Added Reference GitHub, Inc. https://github.com/stimulusreflex/stimulus_reflex/releases/tag/v3.5.0.rc4 [No types assigned]
    Added CWE GitHub, Inc. CWE-470
    Added CVSS V3.1 GitHub, Inc. AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS is a daily estimate of the probability of exploitation activity being observed over the next 30 days. Following chart shows the EPSS score history of the vulnerability.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
Base CVSS Score: 8.8
Attack Vector
Attack Complexity
Privileges Required
User Interaction
Scope
Confidentiality Impact
Integrity Impact
Availability Impact